Python Operators

Operators in Python are special symbols that perform computations on variables and values. They allow us to carry out operations like arithmetic, comparisons, and logical assessments in our code. Understanding how these operators work is crucial to manipulating data effectively in Python.

Types of Python Operators

Python provides a variety of operators, which can be categorized as follows:

Arithmetic Operators
Comparison (Relational) Operators
Logical Operators
Assignment Operators
Bitwise Operators
Membership Operators
Identity Operators

1. Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators are used to perform mathematical operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

        +  : Addition
        -  : Subtraction
        *  : Multiplication
        /  : Division
        %  : Modulus
        **  : Exponentiation
        //  : Floor Division

Code Example


# Arithmetic Operators Example
a = 15
b = 4

print("Addition:", a + b)
print("Subtraction:", a - b)
print("Multiplication:", a * b)
print("Division:", a / b)
print("Modulus:", a % b)
print("Exponentiation:", a ** b)
print("Floor Division:", a // b)

Output

Addition: 19 Subtraction: 11 Multiplication: 60 Division: 3.75 Modulus: 3 Exponentiation: 50625 Floor Division: 3

2. Comparison Operators

Comparison operators compare two values and return a boolean result: either True or False.

        ==   : Equal to
        !=   : Not equal to
        >    : Greater than
        <    : Less than
        >=  : Greater than or equal to
        <=  : Less than or equal to

Code Example


# Comparison Operators Example
x = 10
y = 20

print("x == y:", x == y)
print("x != y:", x != y)
print("x > y:", x > y)
print("x < y:", x < y)
print("x >= y:", x >= y)
print("x <= y:", x <= y)

Output

x == y: False x != y: True x > y: False x < y: True x >= y: False x <= y: True

3. Logical Operators

Logical operators are used to combine conditional statements.

and : Returns True if both statements are true
or : Returns True if one of the statements is true
not : Reverses the result, returns False if the result is true

Code Example


# Logical Operators Example
a = True
b = False

print("a and b:", a and b)
print("a or b:", a or b)
print("not a:", not a)

Output

a and b: False a or b: True not a: False

4. Assignment Operators

Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables.

        =       : Assign
        +=     : Add and assign
        -=      : Subtract and assign
        *=      : Multiply and assign
        /=      : Divide and assign
        %=    : Modulus and assign
        **=    : Exponentiation and assign
        //=     : Floor division and assign

5. Bitwise Operators

Bitwise operators are used to compare (binary) numbers.

        &   : AND
        |     : OR
        ^     : XOR
        ~     : NOT
        <<   : Zero fill left shift
        >>   : Signed right shift

6. Membership Operators

Membership operators are used to test if a sequence is presented in an object.

in : Returns True if a sequence with the specified value is present in the object
not in : Returns True if a sequence with the specified value is not present in the object

7. Identity Operators

Identity operators are used to compare the memory locations of two objects.

is : Returns True if both variables are the same object
is not : Returns True if both variables are not the same object

Python operators are fundamental tools that allow you to perform various computations and logical operations. Understanding how to use these operators effectively is crucial for writing efficient Python code.